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Tarihin Sarki Idris na Ƙasar Libya |
Sarki Idris I (Muhammad Idris as-Senussi) shi ne sarkin farko kuma na ƙarshe na Masarautar Libya. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗa Libya ta zamani da kuma samun ‘yancin kai daga mulkin mallaka.
Haihuwa da Asali
An haifi Muhammad Idris as-Senussi a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1889 (wasu majiyoyi na cewa 1890), a Al-Jaghbub da ke yankin Cyrenaica, wanda a wancan lokaci ke ƙarƙashin Daular Usmaniyya.
- Mahaifinsa: Muhammad al-Mahdi as-Senussi
- Mahaifiyarsa: A’isha bint Muqarrib al-Barasa
Idris jikan wanda ya kafa darikar Senussiya, wata babbar darikar Sufaye a Arewacin Afirka wacce ke da tasiri sosai a addini da siyasa.
Jagorancin Senussi da Mulkin Cyrenaica
A shekarar 1902, mahaifin Idris ya rasu. Daga farko wani ɗan uwansa ne ya shugabanci harkokin Senussiya, har zuwa 1916, lokacin da Idris ya zama shugaban darikar.
A shekarar 1920, Idris ya karɓi matsayin shugaban siyasa (Emir/Sarki) na yankin Cyrenaica, inda ya zama jagoran addini da na siyasa lokaci guda.
Mamayar Italiya da Gudun Hijira
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Daular Usmaniyya ta rushe. Sabuwar Turkiyya ta mika yankunan:
- Cyrenaica
- Tripolitania
- Fezzan
ga Italiya. Wadannan yankuna uku aka haɗa su da sunan Libya.
Da farko, Italiya ta bar Idris ya ci gaba da mulki a yankinsa, har ma ya faɗaɗa ikonsa zuwa Tripolitania a 1922. Sai dai da Benito Mussolini ya hau mulki a Italiya a waccan shekarar, ya ƙuduri aniyar mallakar Libya gaba ɗaya.
Italiyawa sun aiwatar da:
- tsauraran matakan danniya
- kora da tsare jama’a a sansanonin taro
- kashe fiye da mutane 12,000
A sakamakon haka, Idris ya gudu zuwa Masar a watan Disamba 1922.
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Samun ‘Yancin Kai
Bayan shan kashin Italiya a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu:
- Birtaniya ta mamaye Cyrenaica da Tripolitania
- Faransa ta mamaye Fezzan
A watan Nuwamba 1949, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yanke shawarar cewa:
Libya ta zama ƙasa guda mai cin gashin kanta, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sarki Idris.
A shekarar 1950, Idris ya fara kafa tubalin masarauta, sannan a ranar
24 ga Disamba, 1951
aka ayyana Libya a hukumance a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta, tare da Idris a matsayin Sarki Idris I.
Salon Mulki da Siyasa
Sarki Idris:
- ya kasance mai ra’ayin addini na gargajiya
- yana da ikon soji da tasiri a majalisa
- ya dakatar da jam’iyyun siyasa
Yawancin ‘yan Libya sun fi biyayya ga:
- kabilarsu
- yankinsu
- iyalinsu
fiye da biyayya kai tsaye ga masarauta.
Ya kuma kulla kyakkyawar alaƙa da Turkiyya, inda:
- ya naɗa Turkawa da dama a manyan mukamai
- Firayim Minista na farko: Sadullah Koloğlu (Baturke)
- Ministan Harkokin Waje: Abdullah Busayri
Gano Man Fetur da Canjin Tattalin Arziki
A shekarar 1959, aka gano man fetur a Libya. Wannan ya sauya ƙasar gaba ɗaya:
- Libya ta tashi daga talauci zuwa ƙasar arziki
- ta fara samun makudan kuɗaɗen shiga
- gwamnati ta karɓi kuɗi daga:
- sansanonin sojin Amurka
- taimakon raya ƙasa daga ƙasashen waje
Sauyin Tsarin Mulki (1963)
A watan Afrilu 1963, Sarki Idris ya:
- soke tsarin tarayya
- ya kafa tsarin gwamnati bai ɗaya
- ya rushe majalisun larduna da tsarin shari’ar yankuna
- ya mayar da duk haraji da kuɗin man fetur zuwa gwamnatin ƙasa
Juyin Mulki da Hambararwa
Duk da arzikin man fetur:
- sojoji da matasa masu ra’ayin sauyi sun fara adawa
- an zargi gwamnati da cin hanci da rashawa
A watan Satumba 1969, yayin da Sarki Idris ke ƙasar Turkiyya:
- wata tawagar sojoji ƙarƙashin Kanar Muammar al-Qaddafi
- ta hambarar da masarautar Libya
Idris ya nem i mafaka a Masar.
A 1974, aka yi masa shari’a a bayan idonsa a Libya, aka same shi da laifin cin hanci da rashawa.
Rasuwarsa
Sarki Idris ya rasu a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1983, a birnin Alƙahira, Masar, yana da shekaru 93.
Iyali
- Sarki Idris ya yi aure sau biyar
- sau biyu ya auri mata biyu a lokaci guda
- (1911–1922)
- (1955–1958)
- Ya haifi ‘ya’ya maza biyar da mace ɗaya,
amma duk sun rasu tun suna yara
Kammalawa
Sarki Idris:
- shi ne uban kafuwar Libya ta zamani
- ya jagoranci ƙasar zuwa ‘yancin kai
- amma tsarin mulkinsa na gargajiya da rashin sauye-sauyen siyasa
sun buɗe ƙofa ga juyin mulkin soja
Tarihin sa ya kasance cike da addini, siyasa, mulkin mallaka, da sauyin zamani.
