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Masarauta Ta Fara Ne a Afirka |
Masana tarihi da na kayan tarihi sun nuna cewa tsofaffin tsarin masarauta na farko a tarihin ɗan Adam sun bayyana ne a Afirka, musamman a yankin Nubia (arewacin Sudan da kudancin Masar ta zamani).
A ranar 1 ga Maris, 1979, jaridar New York Times ta wallafa wani muhimmin rahoto a shafinta na farko da kuma shafi na goma sha shida mai taken “The Ancient Nubian Kingdom” (Tsohuwar Masarautar Nubia). A cikin rahoton, an bayyana cewa:
“Shaidar tsohuwar masarauta mafi daɗewa da aka sani a tarihin ɗan Adam — wadda ta gabaci hawan sarakunan Masar na farko da wasu al’ummomi da dama — an gano ta ne a cikin kayan tarihi na Nubia.”
Wannan bayani ya sake jaddada muhimmancin rawar da Afirka ta taka a farkon wayewar ɗan Adam.
Nubia: Ƙasa Mai Arziki da Muhimmanci
Masarautar Nubia ta shahara sosai saboda:
- arzikin zinariya
- hauren giwa
- turare
- katako da fatun dabbobi
Nubia ta kasance mahimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci tsakanin Afirka ta ciki, Masar, da yankin Bahar Rum. Kayayyakin alatu daga Afirka ana wucewa da su ta Nubia zuwa Masar, daga nan kuma su bazu zuwa duniya ta dā.
Ƙarfin Soja da Mulkin Masar
Nubians sun kasance:
- ƙwararrun maharba (archers), masu kwarewa a yaƙi
- suna da tsayayyen tsarin soja
A ƙarshe:
- sarakunan Nubia sun ci Masar
- sun kafa Mulkin Kushite (25th Dynasty of Egypt)
- sun yi mulkin Masar na kusan ƙarni guda (kimanin ƙarni na 8–7 K.H.)
Har yanzu:
- dala (pyramids)
- birane da wuraren tunawa da sarakunan Nubia suka gina suna nan a Masar da Sudan na zamani.
Asalin Al’ummar Nubia
Masana tarihi sun nuna cewa:
- mutanen Afirka daga yankin Sahara sun fara ƙaura zuwa kogin Nilu a Nubia kusan 5000 Kafin Haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS)
- sun zo da fasahar yin tukwane (pottery)
Da farko:
- makiyaya ne da mafarauta
- daga baya suka zama masunta da manoma
A lokaci guda:
- wasu ƙabilu sun ƙaura daga kudancin Afirka
- hakan ya haifar da cuɗanyar al’ummomi daban-daban a Nubia
Rayuwar Tattalin Arziki
Yawancin Nubians sun rayu a bakin kogin Nilu, inda suka:
- noma hatsi
- wake
- dabino
- kankana
Amma mafi muhimmanci a gare su shi ne:
- garken shanu, wanda:
- ke zama ma’aunin dukiya
- ke nuna matsayin zamantakewa
A hamadar Nubia:
- ana hakar zinariya
- da sauran albarkatun ma’adinai
Kasuwanci da Masarawa
Nubians sun yi ciniki da:
- Masarawa a arewa
- da sauran yankunan Afirka
Suna sayar da:
- shanu
- zinariya
- hauren giwa
- fatun dabbobi
- turare
- katako
- dabino
Suna kuma karɓar:
- hatsi
- kayan lambu
- giya
- da kayan da aka sarrafa a Masar
Kammalawa
Masarautar Nubia:
- na daga cikin tsofaffin masarautu a duniya
- ta gabaci yawancin masarautun Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya
- ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a gina wayewar Masar
Wannan tarihi ya tabbatar da cewa:
Afirka ba mabiyar tarihi ba ce, ita ce tushen wayewar ɗan Adam.
