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| Tarihin Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (RA) |
Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (RA) na daga cikin manyan malaman Musulunci, mashahuran mawakan Sufanci, da kuma fitattun masu tunani da tarihin duniya ya taɓa sani. Sunansa ya yi fice a fadin duniya saboda waƙoƙinsa na hikima, saƙonnin soyayya da juriya, zurfin ilimin addini, da tasirin ruhaniya da ya bari a zukatan miliyoyin mutane.
A yau, ana kallon Rumi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawakan Musulunci na kowane zamani, wanda ayyukansa suka wuce iyakokin harshe, al’ada da ƙasa, suka isa ga al’ummomi daban-daban a duniya.
A wannan maƙala, za mu waiwayi tarihin Rumi, rayuwarsa, iliminsa, koyarwarsa da tasirin da ya yi a duniya.
Wanene Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi?
Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, wanda ake kira da Molana Rumi, fitaccen malamin Musulunci ne, mabiyin mazhabar Hanafi, masanin tauhidi, mawaƙi, masanin falsafar ruhaniya, kuma jagora a harkar Sufanci.
An haife shi a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1207, kuma ya rasu a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1273, yana da shekaru 66.
A tsawon rayuwarsa, Rumi ya rubuta fiye da baitoci 65,000, abin da ya sanya shi cikin jerin mawakan da suka fi rubuce-rubuce masu tasiri a tarihin Musulunci.
Inda Aka Haifi Rumi
An haifi Rumi a Balkh, wuri da yake cikin yankin Afghanistan ta zamani, a lokacin da yankin ke ƙarƙashin daular Farisa.
Mahaifinsa shi ne Baha’ al-Din Walad, fitaccen malami, masanin tauhidi da ilimin addini.
Saboda mamayar Mongol, iyalinsu suka yi hijira tare da dubban mutane, suna yawo daga:
- Balkh
- Samarkand
- wasu yankunan Gabas ta Tsakiya
- har suka zauna a Konya, a ƙasar Turkiyya ta yau
Wannan hijira ta yi tasiri sosai wajen gina tunanin Rumi da fahimtarsa game da rayuwa.
Ilimin Rumi da Zamansa Malami
Rumi ya taso cikin gida na ilimi, inda tun yana ƙarami ya fara koyon:
- Alƙur’ani
- Hadisi
- Fiqhu
- Tauhidi
- Adabi da hikima
Daga baya ya yi karatu a manyan cibiyoyin ilimi kamar:
- Aleppo
- Dimashƙu (Damascus)
- Baghdad
Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, Rumi ya gaji kujerar koyarwa, kuma yana ɗan shekara 24 kacal ya riga ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman addini a yankin.
Haɗuwarsa da Shams al-Din Tabrizi
Daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi sauya rayuwar Rumi shi ne haduwarsa da Shams al-Din Tabrizi a shekarar 1244.
Shams wani fitaccen malamin Sufanci ne mai zurfin tunani.
Lokacin da suka haɗu:
- sun zama abokai na ruhaniya
- suka yi muhawara da tattaunawa mai zurfi
- rayuwar Rumi ta sauya daga koyarwa ta zahiri zuwa zurfin tafarkin ruhaniya
Wannan alaka ta haifar da babban sauyi a rubuce-rubucensa da fahimtarsa game da soyayyar Allah.
Sai dai daga baya Shams ya ɓace cikin yanayi mai cike da cece-kuce, kuma ba a sake ganinsa ba.
Wasu masana tarihi sun yi hasashen cewa an kashe shi saboda hassada da rikice-rikicen da suka biyo bayan tasirinsa a rayuwar Rumi.
Manyan Littattafan Rumi
Bayan bacewar Shams, Rumi ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga rubutu, ibada da koyarwa.
Daga cikin manyan ayyukansa akwai:
1. Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi
Tarin waƙoƙi ne da ya rubuta cikin ƙauna da tunani mai zurfi, yana nuna tasirin Shams a rayuwarsa.
2. Mathnawi
Ana kallon wannan littafi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan littattafan hikima a tarihin Musulunci.
Wasu malamai ma suna kiransa:
“Alƙur’anin Farisanci a fannin hikima”
Saboda zurfin ma’anoninsa na ruhaniya da tarbiyya.
3. Fihi Ma Fihi
Wannan tarin jawabai ne da koyarwar Rumi kan rayuwa, ruhaniya da fahimtar Allah.
Ra’ayin Rumi Game da Addini
Ko da yake Rumi ya ambaci al’ummomi da tunani daban-daban a rubuce-rubucensa, a fili ya kasance Musulmi mai tsananin kauna ga Alƙur’ani da Sunnah.
A koyarwarsa:
- Alƙur’ani shi ne jagorar rayuwa
- Annabawa su ne mafi girman matakin kamala
- Annabi Muhammad (SAW) shi ne mafi cika cikin halitta
- soyayya ga Allah ita ce mafi girman ibada
Rumi ya yi amfani da waƙa da hikima domin bayyana kusanci da Allah, tsarkake zuciya da gina ruhin ibada.
Kafa Darikar Mevlevi (Whirling Dervishes)
Bayan wafatin Rumi, mabiyansa suka kafa Darikar Mevlevi, wata mashahuriyar darikar Sufanci da aka kafa a Konya a shekarar 1273.
Abin da ya fi shahara da wannan darika shi ne:
Whirling Dervish
Wato jujjuyawar zikiri cikin tsari na musamman domin tuna Allah.
Wannan ibada ta zama alamar darikar Mevlevi, kuma ta shahara a duniya baki ɗaya.
A shekarar 2008, UNESCO ta amince da Bikin Mevlevi Sema a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan al’adun ruhaniya da suka cancanci kariya a duniya.
Tasirin Rumi a Zamani
Har yau, koyarwar Rumi na da tasiri sosai a:
- duniyar Musulunci
- Turkiyya
- Iran
- Afghanistan
- Tajikistan
- Kudancin Asiya
- Turai da Amurka
Saƙonninsa na:
✅ soyayya
✅ haƙuri
✅ tausayi
✅ juriya
✅ gina ruhaniya
✅ neman kusanci ga Allah
sun sa ayyukansa suka kasance cikin mafi karantun rubuce-rubuce a duniya.
Kammalawa
Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (RA) ba kawai malami ba ne, ya kasance fitila ta hikima, ilimi da ruhaniya.
Ya rayu yana koyar da mutane cewa:
ƙaunar Allah, tsarkake zuciya, da neman hikima su ne tushen rayuwa mai ma’ana.
Ko bayan ƙarni da dama da rasuwarsa, sunan Rumi na ci gaba da rayuwa a zukatan miliyoyin mutane, yayin da waƙoƙinsa da koyarwarsa ke ci gaba da haskaka zukata a duniya.
Allah Ya jiƙan Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (RA), Ya saka masa da alheri. Amin.
: Rayuwa, Koyarwa da Tasirinsa a Duniyar Musulunci ){kind=link}