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| Yaya Ake Sallar Gawa |
Yaya ake sallar gawa? Cikakken bayani bisa Sunnah, mataki-mataki, sharudda, addu’o’i, da kurakurai—a Hausa, mai sauƙin fahimta.
Sallar gawa (Salatul Janazah) wata babbar ibada ce da ke nuna tausayi, haɗin kai, da tunatarwa game da lahira. Duk Musulmi na iya fuskantar wannan ibada a wani lokaci, don haka sanin yaya ake sallar gawa yadda ya dace yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Wannan jagora zai yi bayani dalla-dalla, bisa koyarwar Al-Kur’ani, Sunnah, da fahimtar malamai, cikin harshe mai sauƙin fahimta.
Menene Sallar Gawa?
Sallar gawa sallah ce ta musamman da ake yi wa mamacin Musulmi domin neman gafara, rahama, da ɗaukaka matsayinsa a wajen Allah (SWT). Ba ta da ruku’u, sujada, ko zama; ana yinta ne a tsaye kawai, tare da takbirori huɗu da addu’o’i a tsakaninsu. Ita farillan kifaya ce—idan wasu Musulmi sun yi ta, laifin ya sauka daga kan sauran.
A cewar malamai, muhimmancin sallar gawa ya tabbata daga hadisan Sahih, ciki har da abin da ya zo a Sahih al-Bukhari da Sahih Muslim, inda Annabi ﷺ ya yi sallar gawa tare da umartar sahabbai.
Dalilin Muhimmancin Sallar Gawa
Sallar gawa tana da fa’idodi masu yawa ga mamaci da masu rai:
- Gafara da rahama ga mamaci
- Lada mai yawa ga masu halarta
- Tunatarwa game da mutuwa da lahira
- Ƙarfafa zumunci da haɗin kai a al’umma
A wani hadisi, Annabi ﷺ ya bayyana cewa wanda ya halarci jana’iza har aka yi sallah kuma aka binne mamaci, yana samun lada mai girma (duba bayanin malamai a Sunnah.com, shafin hadisi mai sahihanci).
Sharuddan Sallar Gawa
Kafin a fara sallar gawa, akwai sharudda da dole ne su cika:
- Mamacin Musulmi ne
- Tsarki: Mai sallah yana da alwala (ko tayammum idan babu ruwa)
- Rufe al’aura yadda Shari’a ta tanada
- Fuskantar Alƙibla
- Gawar tana gaban masu sallah
- An yi wa gawar wanka kuma an lulluɓe ta
- Niyya a cikin zuciya
Wadannan sharudda sun dace da ka’idojin fiƙihu da aka tattauna a manyan littattafan malamai da kuma bayanan ilimi na IslamQA, shafin da ake yarda da sahihancin bayanansa.
Matsayin Liman (Imam) da Masu Sallah (Mamu)
- Imam yana tsayawa a daidai da kirjin mamaci idan namiji ne, ko tsakiyar jiki idan mace ce (a ra’ayin malamai da dama).
- Masu sallah suna tsayawa a layi-layi a bayansa, kamar sauran salloli.
Yaya Ake Sallar Gawa? (Mataki-Mataki)
1. Niyya da Takbirar Farko
- A yi niyya a zuciya: yin sallar gawa ga wannan mamaci.
- A ɗaga hannaye a ce Allahu Akbar.
- A daura hannaye a ƙirji (dama a kan hagu).
2. Bayan Takbirar Farko
- A karanta Suratul Fatiha a hankali.
- Wasu malamai suna halatta karanta A’uzu da Bismillah kafin Fatiha.
3. Takbirar ta Biyu
- A ce Allahu Akbar.
- A karanta Salatin Annabi (Salatul Ibrahimiyya) kamar a tahiya ta ƙarshe.
4. Takbirar ta Uku
- A ce Allahu Akbar.
- A yi addu’a ga mamaci. Daga cikin addu’o’in Sunnah akwai:
Allahummaghfir li hayyina wa mayyitina…
(Ma’anar addu’ar tana neman gafara, imani, da kariya daga fitina.)
Idan yaro ne, a yi addu’ar musamman kamar yadda ya tabbata a Sunnah.
5. Takbirar ta Huɗu
- A ce Allahu Akbar.
- A yi ɗan shiru ko gajeriyar addu’a.
6. Sallama
- A yi sallama ɗaya zuwa dama.
- Wasu malamai sun halatta sallama biyu (dama da hagu).
Wannan tsari na yaya ake sallar gawa ya yi daidai da mafi rinjayen ra’ayin malamai, tare da sassauci a wasu ƙananan al’amura na sabani.
Abubuwan da Sallar Gawa Ba Ta Da Su
- Babu ruku’u
- Babu sujada
- Babu tashi ko zama
- Babu iqama
Wannan yana bambanta sallar gawa da sauran salloli, kuma hakan yana sauƙaƙa ta ga jama’a.
Lokutan da Ake Yarda a Yi Sallar Gawa
Malamai sun halatta sallar gawa a mafi yawan lokuta, amma suna ƙyamar yin ta a lokutan da aka hana sallah (kamar lokacin fitowar rana kai tsaye), sai dai idan akwai buƙata ta gaggawa.
Sallar Gawa Ga Wanda Bai Halarta Ba (Salatul Gha’ib)
Idan mamaci ya rasu a wani wuri mai nisa kuma ba a samu damar yin sallar gawa ba, malamai sun halatta sallar gha’ib, kamar yadda Annabi ﷺ ya yi wa Najashi. Wannan hukunci ya zo da cikakken bayani a litattafan fiƙihu da bayanan malamai na zamani.
Kurakurai da Ya Kamata A Guje Musu
- Yin sallah ba tare da niyya ba
- Rashin tsarki (ba alwala)
- Ƙara wasu kalmomi ba daga Sunnah ba
- Ɗaga murya sosai har ya dame wasu
Guje wa wadannan kurakurai yana tabbatar da ingancin ibada.
Shawarwari Don Masu Halarta Jana’iza
- Ku zo da ladabi da nutsuwa
- Ku mai da hankali ga addu’a
- Ku bi umarnin imam
- Ku tuna cewa jana’iza darasi ce ga rayuwa
Domin ƙarin bayani kan adabin jana’iza da shirye-shirye, duba darasinmu na adabin jana’iza da hakkin mamaci a wannan shafin (internal link).
Ka raba wannan jagora da iyalanka da abokanka domin su koyi yaya ake sallar gawa yadda ya dace.
Ka karanta sauran darussanmu kan sallah da ibadun yau da kullum domin ƙara ilimi.
Kammalawa
Sanin yaya ake sallar gawa ba wai ilimi kawai ba ne, ibada ce da ke nuna tausayi da biyayya ga umarnin Allah. Idan muka yi ta bisa Sunnah, muna amfanar mamaci tare da tara lada mai yawa ga kanmu. Ka ƙarfafa kanka da ilimi, ka yi aiki da shi, kuma ka tunatar da wasu.
